The Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 (“ Rules ”) along with a separate notification providing details on the phased framework for the implementation of obligations under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (“ Act ”) have been notified and published on the E-Gazette on 13 November 2025. The notification follows a structured, multi-phase wise implementation approach. Only a few governance and administrative provisions under the Act take effect immediatel

On 1 November 2025, a Division Bench of the Delhi High Court ( DHC ) delivered two significant judgments on payment of interest on penalty imposed by the Competition Commission of India ( CCI ).   In United India Insurance Company Limited v. Competition Commission of India , [1]  ( United India ) the DHC clarified that when a demand notice is rendered inoperable due to a subsisting stay by the appellate authority, no interest accrues on the penalty imposed by the CCI. Doing s

C&M advised InsuranceDekho and RenewBuy in obtaining CCI approval for their proposed merger.   Chandhiok & Mahajan acted as legal advisors for InsuranceDekho and RenewBuy and secured an approval from the Competition Commission of India in relation to their proposed merger. C&M advised on all competition law aspects of the transaction, including the preparation of the merger notification and related submissions before the CCI.   C&M’s competition team, comprising Avinash Amarn

The regulatory landscape for technology, media, and telecommunications continues to evolve at pace, with significant developments emerging across multiple jurisdictions this month.  Our October edition of the global TMT news wrap covers key developments across technology, media, data privacy and telecom sectors. The update highlights important regulatory and policy changes from around the world, including key data breaches and enforcement actions.   Regulators are increasingl

WHAT HAS HAPPENED? The National Company Law Appellate Tribunal ( NCLAT ) has substantially upheld the Competition Commission of India's ( CCI ) order dated 18 November 2024, finding WhatsApp Inc. ( WhatsApp ) and its parent company Meta Platforms Inc. ( Meta ) liable for abuse of dominant position in relation to WhatsApp’s 2021 privacy policy update ( 2021 Policy ). However, the NCLAT partially set aside the finding on leveraging and the remedy prohibiting sharing of WhatsApp

Explore the strategic potential of ship leasing at GIFT City  — examining regulatory incentives, global flag competitiveness, and future reform needs. Authored by Chandhiok & Mahajan Partner, Lovejeet Singh, and Senior Associate, Abhay Goyal. The development of India’s maritime financing ecosystem is gaining renewed momentum with the rise of GIFT City in Gandhinagar. This insight explains how the IFSC’s ship-leasing framework is emerging as a significant growth avenue, while

On 27 October 2025, the Supreme Court of India (“ SC ”) in Novenco Building & Industry A/S v. Xero Energy Engineering Solutions Pvt. Ltd. & Anr. , 2025 INSC 1256, delivered a significant judgment on the scope and interpretation of Section 12A of the Commercial Courts Act, 2015, particularly in the context of intellectual property rights (“ IPR ”) disputes alleging continuing infringement. Section 12A mandates pre-institution mediation, which can only be skipped in case the su

On 22 nd  October 2025, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (“ MeitY ”) notified the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Amendment Rules, 2025 (“ IT Rules 2025 ”), amending the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 ( “ IT Rules 2021 ” ) with respect to the takedown or removal of unlawful content by intermediaries (including social media intermediaries, significan

BACKGROUND Payment of proper stamp duty is a critical part of execution or creation of an instrument that records a transaction or creates any right, obligation, title or interest. Stamp duty in India is primarily governed by the Indian Stamp Act, 1899  (“ Indian Stamp Act ”), which serves as the central legislation on this subject.   Certain States in India have made specific amendments to the Indian Stamp Act that apply only within their jurisdiction. The amendments to the 

On 6 October 2025, the Supreme Court in Vinishma Technologies Private Limited v. State of Chhattisgarh & Ors. ,   2025 INSC 1182, gave an important judgement on conditions impacting the eligibility of bidders in tenders issued by state entities.  The tender was issued by Chhattisgrah for the supply of sport kits to various government schools. The condition under challenge was a requirement that the bidder should have prior experience in delivering sports kits within the state

C&M brings you a round of key competition law developments from July to September 2025 – a quarter marked by recommendations on policy reform, notable court rulings and lots of activity on the enforcement side at CCI along with 33 merger approval orders and including one with modifications. Key highlights include:   The Standing Committee on Finance recommends balanced and evidence-based approach to digital market regulation. The Supreme Court issues key clarifications on the

The Bombay High Court at Goa, in M/s Provident Housing Ltd  v Union of India , clarified that merely signing a Joint Development Agreement ( JDA ) does not create a liability to pay Goods and Services Tax ( GST ). The Court held that GST becomes applicable only when possession or rights in the constructed property are actually transferred to the landowner. [1]   Why is GST even applicable to JDAs? JDA is a common arrangement in the real estate sector where a landowner and a d

Our September edition of the global TMT News Wrap covers key developments across technology, media, data privacy and telecom sectors. The...

WHAT HAS HAPPENED? On October 6, 2025, the Competition Commission of India ( CCI ) released its market study report on ‘Artificial...

The DPDP Rules are no longer on the horizon - they’re about to land. In our recent emailers in the Inbox Series, we explored the...

Now enacted as the Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Act, 2025 (the “Act” ), the law was notified on August 22, 2025, following an expedited 96 hour passage through Parliament. The Act establishes a national framework that formally recognises E-Sports and Online Social Games while imposing a blanket ban on Online Money Games (including skill-based online games), alongside restrictions on advertising and payment facilitation for such Online Money Games. The scope of th